THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


(77HIS  BOOK  is  printed  from 
photographic  plates  of  the 
Original  Copy  of  this  GUIDE, 
which  was  printed  in  St.  Louis 
in  1848.  This  original  copy  is 
on  file  in  the  HISTORIAN'S  OF- 
FICE Library. 

(Signed)     A.  WILLIAM  LUND 

Assistant  Historian 

Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of 

Latter-day  Saints 


THE 

LATTER-DAY  SAINTS' 

EMIGRANTS'  GUIDE: 


TABLE  OF  DISTANCES, 

SHOWING  ALL   THE 

SPRINGS,  CRFEKS,  RIVERS,  HILLS,  MOUNTAINS, 

CAMPING  PL  .CES,  AND  ALL  OTHER  NOTABLE  PLACES, 

FROM  COUNCIL  BLUFFS, 

TO  THE 

VALLEY  OF  THE  GREAT  SALT   LAKE. 

ALSO,  THE 

LATITUDES,  LONGITUDES  AND  ALTITUDES 

OF  THE  PROMINENT  POINTS  ON  THE  ROUTE. 

TOGETHER  WITH  REMARKS  ON  THE  NATURE  OF  THE  LAND, 
TIMBER,  GRASS,  &c. 

THE   WHOLE   ROUTE    HAVING    BEEN    CAREFULLY    MEASURED    BY    A  ROADOME- 

TER,    AND   THE    DISTANCE   FROM    POINT  TO  POINT,    IN 

ENGLISH    MILES,    ACCURATELY   SHOWN. 


BY    W.  CLAYTON. 


ST.    LOUIS: 

MO.  REPUBLICAN  STEAM  POWER  PRESS— CHAMBERS  &  KNAPP, 

1848. 


OoPV  Eight  secured,  by  W.  Clatto5,  in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District 
Court  of  the  United  States  for  the  District  of  Missouri. 


PREFACE. 

When  the  author  first  compiled  tlie  following  work,  it  was 
not  with  a  design  to  publish  it,  although  well  aware  of  the 
advantages  which  emigrants,  traveling  to  the  Valley  of  tue 
Gheat  Salt  Lake,  would  continually  realize  by  having  it 
in  their  possession.  However,  there  were  so  many  who  ap- 
plied for  copies  of  it — and  the  labor  of  writing  a  copy  being 
considerable,  as  well  as  requiring  much  time — it  was  con- 
cluded to  publish  it  in  its  present  form,  by  which  means  it 
can  be  afforded  at  a  price  which  will  bring  it  within  reach  of 
Any  person  wishing  to  have  it. 

Many  works  have  been  published,  and  maps  exhibited  for 
the  instruction  of  emigrants,  but  none  which  ever  pretended 
to  set  forth  tlie  particulars  contained  in  this  work,  so  far  as 
regards  the  route  from  Council  Bluffs  to  the  Great  Salt  Lake. 
The  distances  from  point  to  point  are  ehown  as  near  as  a 
Jloadomder  can  measure ;  and  by  this  means  the  traveler  can 
know,  each  day,  the  kind  of  country  lying  before  him,  and 
how  far  he  must  go  in  order  to  find  a  suitable  place  to  camp  at 
night. 

Emigrants  have  lost  many  of)  their  teams  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  the  AUiali  lakes,  in  consequence  of  not  knowing  the 
distance  from  any  one  of  these  lakes  to  good  water.  By  pay- 
ing attention  to  the  remarks  in  tliis  work,  a  person  need  run 
710  risk,  inasmuch  as  all  the  Alkali  lakes,  which  are  near  the 
road,  are  mentioned — and,  also,  the  places  where  an  encamp- 
ment can  be  formed  with  safety. 

The  author  feels  a  delicacy  in  saying  much  in  favor  of  the 
"  Guide,''  but  is  well  aware  that,  when  its  merits  have  been 
tested  by  experience,  no  person  will  repent  of  having  pur- 
chased it.  It  is,  therefore,  submitted  cheerfully  to  the  con- 
sideration of  an  intelligent  public. 


St.  Louis,  Mo.,  \3(h  Much,  1848. 

1205217 


AUTHOR. 


EXPLANATION. 

In  the  following  table,  the  large  fype  shows  the  prominent 
points  and  places  which  will  natumlly  be  noticed  by  the  emi- 
grant. The  first  column  of  figures  shows  the  distance  from 
point  to  point,  in  English  miles.  The  second  column  of  figures 
shows  the  total  distance  of  each  point  to  Winter  Quarters ; 
and  the. /AfrtZ  column,  the  total  distance  of  each  point  to  the 
Temple  Block,  in  the  City  of  the  Gbeat  Salt  Lake.  As, 
for  example : 

How  far  is  it  from  Winter  Quarters  to  Pappea? 

Answer,  (page' 5,  second  line)   18  miles. 

How  far  from  Pappea  to  the  Elk  Horn  river  ? 

Answer,  (page  .5,  second  and  third  lines)  9  miles,  &c. 

Again :  How  far  is  it  from  Raw  Hide  Creek  to  Fort  John  ? 

Answer,  (page  11,  last  line)  12  miles. 

How  far  is  Fort  John  from  Winter  Quarters  ? 

Answer,  (p.  12,  first  line)  522  miles. 

How  far  is  Fort  John  from  tlie  City  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  ? 

Answer,  (p.  12,  third  column  of  figures)  509  miles. 

The  small  type,  in  this  table,  contains  the  various  renidrks 
touching  the  nature  of  the  road,  lands,  and  its  adaptation  for 
camping  purposes,  &c.     For  example : 

What  is  said  concerning  the  "  La  Bonte  river?"  Page  13, 
ticeond  line. 

Answer.  '*  It  is  a  good  place  to  camp — being  plenty  of  tim- 
ber, grass  and  water" — the  necessaries  for  camping  purposes, 
dtld  consequently  can  be  depended  on.  But,  if  thought  advisa- 
ble to  go  a  little  further,  "  there  is  a  good  camping  place  a  mile 
further,"  consequently  you  have  choice  of  the  two  good  places, 
within  one  mile  of  each  oilier. 

Wliat  is  said  of  a  branch  of  the  La. Bonte?  Page  13, 
third  line. 

Answer.  "  Doubtful  about  water ;"  consequently  not  safe  to 
depend  on  far  a  camp  ground.  It  is  also  said  that  the  "  banks 
are  steep,"  which  shows  that  it  is  not  very  good  to  cross,  &c. 


EMIGRANTS'  GUIDE. 


PROMINENT   POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


DiaT. 

miles. 


Kbom 
W  Qk3 

inilcB. 


l-'BOM 

lofGSL 
miles. 


Winter  Quarters,  Lat.  41°  18'  53" 

The  lofid  good,  but  very  crocked,  followinc  the  ridee» 
find  pasting  over  a  coutinual  succcseion  of  hills  and  hoi 
lows. 

Pappea,  ten  feet  wide,  high  banks. 

Some  timber  on  the  crcpk,  but  it  is  dilVicult  to  water 
teoms.  Alter  thia,  the  road  ie  crooked  and  uneven  to  the 
Kll:   Horn. 

Elk  Horn,  nine  rods  wide,  three  feet  deep. 

Current  r.ither  iwift,  and  not  very  pleasant  to  ferry. 
Plenty  of  timber  on  its  banks.    (Sec  Note  1.) 

Creek,  ten  feet  wide,  steep  banks. 

This  creek  has  a  good  bridge  over  it,  but  little  timber 
on  the  banks.  There  Is  a  high  post,  erected  near  the 
bridge,  for  a  guide  lo  it. 

Platte  river  and  Liberty  Pole. 

Plenty  of  limber,  but  you  will  probably  have  to  go 
to  the  river  lor  water — distance  about  a  quarter  of  n  mile 
The  nearest  and  best  road  to  water  is  round  the  east 
pomt  ot  the  timber. 

Small  Lake  (narrow)  south  side  the  road. 

No  timb.r  on  the  Lake. 

Circular  Lake,  or  pond,  close  to  the  road, 
(south.)      -         -         -         -         - 

No  timber.  Jn  the  nciL-hborliood  of  thiF,  the  i-oad 
runs  alongside  a  number  of  email  lakes,  or  ponds,  lui 
two  miles  ;  but  there  is  little  timbc;r  ni-ar  thcin. 

R.  R.  and  T.,  road  joins  the  river,  Lat.  4V 
27' 5" 

This  is  a  point  where  a  branch  of  the  river  nui^ 
round  nn  iBla.Td.  on  which  is  plenty  of  timber.  Not  niucl 
water  in  the  channel,  but  plenty  for  camping  purposes. 

Indian  Grave,  north  side  the  road. 

This  is  a  large  pile  of  earth,  about  eighty  yards  north 
of  the  road 

R.  R.  and  T.,  road  joins  the  river. 

Plenty  of  timber  and  water,  without  leaving  the  road 

Shell  creek,  12  feet  j^v^de,  three  feet  deep. 

This  creek  is  brid:ied,  and  n  few  rods  lower  is  a  placr 
ti  ford  Plenty  of  timber  on  it.  After  this  ynu  will  probw 
bly  find  no  water  for  tweWe  miles,  without  turning  con- 
siderably from  the  road. 

Small  lake,  south  side  of  the  road. 

Plenty  of  water  in  tho  Spring  sca<inn,  but  none  in 
Bummer.    It  was  entirely  dry,  October  18,  1847. 


18 
9 

Hi 


2 

53 


18 

27 
273 

39 

43i 

52^ 

593 

60i 
62i 

68 


1031 

1013 

1004 
1003i 

992 

988i 
9873 

9781 

97U 

9703 
9683 

963 


PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMAIUC3. 


It  ROM 
W  Qrs. 
miles. 


t'lotn 

CofGSL 

miles. 


R.  and  11.,  road  joins  the  river.    - 

After  this  poiat  you  will  have  four  or  five  miles  of 
heavy,  Bandy  road. 

Long  Lake,  south  side  the  road.  - 

There  is  a  little  timber  where  this  lake  joins  tlie  river, 
and  it  is  a  pood  camping  place. 

Forks  of  road  to  new  and  old  Pawnee  vil- 
lages. -        - 

The  loft  hand  road  leads  to  the  Pawnee  location  of 
1847  ;  t'ao  other  to  the  old  Village.  The  latter  is  your  route. 

Lake,  south  of  the  road.      -         -         - 

Plenty  of  timber  close  to  the  road.  The  banks  of  the 
lake  are  high,  but  there  is  a  small  pond  near,  where 
teams  can  water. 

Loup  Fork — lake  and  timber. 

Oppo'.ite  to  where 'the  Pawnees  were  located,  in  the 

Spring  of  1817,  and  is  a  good  pLicc  to  camp 

Lake  and  timber,  south  of  the  road. 
Looking-glass  creek,  16  feet  wide,  2  deep 

Them  is  a  poor  bridge  over  this  creek.  It  is,  how. 
ever,  not  diflicult  to  ford.    Plenty  of  timber  on  and  near  It 

Long  Lake,  south  side  the  road.   - 

Some  timber  on  the  south  bank,  but  none  on  the  north 
pide. 

Beaver  river,  25  feet  wide,  2  feet  deep 
Lat.  41°  25'  13";  Long.  98°  0'  15". 

Plenty  of  good  timber  on  both  sides.  There  are  two 
fording  places.  The  upper  one  is  good  gnins  in,  but  steep 
on  the  opposite  side.  The  lower  one  not  good  going  down, 
but  good  on  the  other  side. 

Plumb  creek,  five  feet  wide :    Lat.  41°  24' 
29";  Ahitude,  1,090  feet.     - 

On  this  creek  the  old  Pawnee  mission  station  stands 
but  is  not  a  very  good  place  to  camp,  being  nenr  the  Paw- 
nee cornfields.     The  creek  was  dry,  October  10,  1847. 

Ash  creek,  12  feet  wide,  one  foot  deep. 

Some  timber,  but  not  a  very  good  chance  to  camp. 

Ford  of  the  Loup  Fork  :  Lat.  41°  22'  37" ; 
Long.  98°  11' 0". 

This  is  the  pioneer's  ford,  but  is  considered  not  so 
pood  as  the  upper  ford.     River  about  300  yards  wide. 

Old  Pawnee  village.  ..---■ 

Formerly  occupied  l)y  the  Grand  Pawnee  and  Tappas 
bands,^  but  burned  by  the  Sioux,  in  the  Kail  of  1S46. 

Cedar  creek,  8  rods  wide,  2  feet  deep.  - 

Some  timber,  and  plenty  of  willow.  After  this,  the 
road  runs  on  the  bottom,  throush  high  grass  for  some 
distance,  and  gradually  rises  to  higher  land. 

Road  descends  to  lowoland  again. 

You  will  now  find  some  deep  ravines  to  cross,  but 
none  difficult. 

Road  leaves  the  river,  and  turns  up  a  ravine 

After  ascendin;;  the  higher  land,  the  road  is  good  and 
level,  except  crossing  the  deep,  dry  ravines. 

Road  descends  into  a  rayine.         -         -     ] 

You  travel  up  this  ravine  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  mostly 
through  high  grass. 


5^ 


1 
2 

eh 
n 


3 

u 


74^ 
75 

81 

86 

94^ 

95^ 

97^ 
103^ 

110^ 
113 

114i 
1141 
116^ 

119* 

121 

12H 


PROMINENT   POINTS  AND  REMAllKS. 


DiST. 

inilos. 


From 
W  Qbs 

inilcs. 


Old  Pawnee  village,  south  side  the  roud. 

On  iho  banks  of  tlio  Loup  Fork,  but  mostly  de 
frtroyoii. 

Road  descends  from  the  bluffs. 

Al'tor  descending  here,  you  cross  a  creek  twelve  feet 
wide,  and  one  foot  deep — lianks  toTt.  but  not  dilVicult 
Yoii  thcu  travel  throu^jh  liigh  giasi  and  small  buslies. 

Road  ascends  the  blufls.       -         -         _ 

After  tnivoling  about  four  inilc;,  then  turnin;;  Icfi 
from  the  road,  so  as  to  strike  the  timber  you  sec  abend 
where  it  meets  the  river,  the  road  can  be  shortened  at 
lenBt  a  half  mile. 

Upper  ford  of  the  Loup  Fork.     - 

Vou  will  finil  the  water  in  nomo  places  near  '.i  feci 
deep,  and  will  luive  to  travel  down  the  river  about  half  a 
niilo,  to  avoid  deep  holes,  and  tiud  a  good  place  to  gel  out. 
(See  Nolo  2.) 

Road  ascends  the  bluffs.       -         -         - 

After  a3cendin(;the  blutfsyou  wiU  find  a  heavy,  sandy 
road  for  five  or  six  miles. 

Prairie  creek,  12  feet  \Vide  1^  feet  deep. 

Plenty  of  water  and  prass,  but  no  limber.  Banlu. 
some  bofi  and  miry.  r>y  takinq;  a  south. west  course  from 
this  creek,  you  would  strike  Wood  rivCrsi.-c  oreight  miles 
above  the  old  croesiiig  place.  And  thence  crossing  to  the 
riatto,  by  a  course  a  little  west  of  south,  I'dC  road  may  be 
nhortcned  at  least  live  milca. 

Dry  creek.  --.._- 

"         <<  .         .         -         -         . 

Main  Plallc  river.       .         -         -         - 

You  do  not  come  within  two  miles  of  the  river,  until 

Wi  arrive  at  Wood  river. 
ood  river,  12  feet  wide,  one  foot  deep. 

Plenty  of  timber,  and  a  good  place  to  camp.  li:inkf 
dfisccndin^r,  ftoi-p,  and  soimi  soli — but  good  goini;  out 
'I'lie  road  now  generally  ruus  from  one  to  two  miles  distant 
l'r<«ra  the  main  PUtte. 

Road  descends  to  lower  land. 

The  road  now  runs  near  the  limber  for  two  miles 
The  grass  is  high,  and  a  good  chuncc  to  camp,  without 
turning  otf  the  road. 

Road  ascends  to  higlicr  land. 

Vou  will  pro!):i!)ly  have  to  turn  olT  the  road  some,  foi 
the  next  cnmiiiitg  i)laee. 

ravine — steep  descent. 


Deep 


Two  and  a  quarter  miles  beyond  this,  is  a  good  plac. 
to  cnnip,  there  b'iingiilenly  of  grass  and  water,  on  a  low 
bimch,  iilinut  twiMity  rods  south  of  the  road.  There  is,  bow 
ever,  no  limber  but  willow. 

Deep  dry  creek.  •-         -         -         - 

No  timber  on  it. 

Creek  or  slough,  soulli  side  the  road.    - 

Plenty  of  willows  and  grass,  but  doubtlul  for  water. 

Deep,  dry  creek,         _         _         _         - 

Tlio  h'ad  of  (Jiaiid  Iiland  is  about  opposite  to  thic 
creek,  but  the  road  now  runs  SO  far  from  liio  river,  wc 
could  not  asccmln  c.\aclly. 


5}  I  127   904 


127. 


G 

5} 
18 


6^ 
11 


22^ 


4i    217.] 


127^ 

1332 

139i 
157i 


158.^ 

159 

165^ 

1G9:\ 


183:' 

lS5i 

208 

208i 

211.? 
213'. 


TROMIKENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


£lm  creek.         -         -        -        -       i  - 

Deep  banks,  plenty  of  timber,  but  no  water,  October 
9, 1847. 

Iload  leaves  the  river  near  timber. 

This  is  a  pretty  good  camping  place. 

Buffalo  creek,  south  side  the  road. 

A  wide  creek,  with  deep  banks,  but  no  tiaibcr  ex- 
cept a  few  willow  buslips.  'I'he  road  runs  alongside  this 
creek  for  three  and  a  hitU'  miles. 

Crossing  of  Buffalo  creek.  -         -         - 
R.  and  R.,  road  runs  near  the  river. 

Pretty  good  clinnce  to  camp. 

R.  and  R.,  road  runs  near  the  river. 

Pldnty  of  bufialogi-ass,  and  short  prairie-grass.  Plenty 
of  timber  on  an  island,  close  by. 

yVillow  Lake,  south  of  the  road.  - 

Good  placo  to  water  teams,  but  no  timber  for  camp 
ing  purposes. 

Ptah  Lake,  south  of  the  road. 

The  lake  is  long  and  very  crooked.  About  a  mile  \iei 
foro  you  arrive  at  it,  the  road  runs  near  the  river  a  little 

fiece,  then  leaves  it  again. 
)eep,  dry  creek.         _         -         _         - 
Low,  sandy  bluffs,  extending  to  the  river. 
R.  and  R.  near  the  Sandy  Bluffs  :  Latitude 
4r0'47".         .        -        .        . 

After  leaving  this  plnce,  the  road  leaves  the  river,  and 
runs  near  the  foot  of  the  bluffs,  to  avoid  a  bad  swamp. 
You  will  not  strike  the  river  for  sixteen  miles,  but  will 
have  no  ditflculty  in  finding  feed  and  water. 

Skunk  creek,  six  feet  wide. 

Crossing  of  Skunk  creek.    -         -         - 

Banks  some  soft,  but  not  difficult.    No  timber. 

Lake  or  marsh,  south  of  the  road. 
Lake,  south  of  the  road.      -         -         - 

Plenty  of  grass  and  water,  but  no  timboi'  nearer  than 
five  or  six  miles. 

Good  spring  of  cold  water.  -         -         - 

At  the  foot  of  the  blufts,  north  of  the  road,  and  at  the 
head  of  tho  Pawnee  swamps. 

Low,  sandy  bluffs.       -         -         -         - 

This  is  opposite  to  the  junction  of  the  north  and  south 
fbrks  of  Platte  river.  Lat.  41°  7'  44"  ;  Long.  100°  47'  13"  ; 
Altitude,  2,685  feet. 

Carrion  creek,  10  feet  wide,  one  foot  deep. 

Good  place  for  grass,  but  no  timber  near. 

R.  R,  and  T.,  road,  river  and  timber.    - 

Good  place  to  camp. 

Last  timber  on  north  side  the  river. 

You  will  find  no  more  timber  on  the  north  side  the 
river  for  two  hundred  railtfs,  except  one  lone  tiee.  Youi 
only  dependence  lor  fuel  wiil  be  buffalo  chips  and  drill 
wood. 

Wide,  deep  creek.      -        -         -         - 

Plenty  of  water.  October  4, 1847.  The  banks  are  high 
but  not  bad  to  cross. 


H 

221 

m 

2273 

i 

228^ 

3 

7. 

2311 
239i 

5i 

244^ 

7 

25U 

11 

259i 

2i 
4 

2613 
2753 

3 

2783 

2 
5 

2803 
286^ 

1 
1. 

287i 

2883 

4i 

293 

u 

294i 

31 

2973 

43 

302i 

33 

306^ 

21 

308i 

PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


DiST.  IwQbs. 

mike. I  miles. 


hrom 
CofGSL 

inilcB. 


R.  R.  and  lake,  road  and  river  near  a  bayou. 

Oppoait"?  to  thia  placo  arc  several  lalanda,  covered 
with  willow  buahea,  which  will  answer  for  fuel,  and  there 
Ib  little  difficulty  Id  gettiog  to  it. 

Black  mud  creek.        -         .         -        - 

Plenty  of  water.  October  3,  1847,  but  little  feed  for 
teaina. 

R.  and  R.,  road  joins  the  river.    - 

After  this,  the  road  again  leaves  the  river,  until  you 
arrive  at  the  north  lilulT  |'ork.    Road  good,  but  poor  feed. 

Small  creek.       -         -        -        -         - 

Steep  banks,  hut  very  little  water. 

North  Bluff  Fork,  6  rods  wide,  2  feet  deep. 

Swift  current,  muddy  water,  low  banks,  quick-eand 
bottom,  but  not  bad  to  cross.    Poor  place  for  grass. 

Sandy  Bluffs,  east  foot.         -         -         _ 

The  road  over  these  bluffs  is  very  crooked,  but  not 
bad.  If  a  road  cun  be  made  up  the  bed  of  the  river,  it 
would  save  at  least  two  miles  travel. 

Sandy  Bluffs,  west  foot.        -         -         _ 

By  following  the  foot  of  the  bluffs,  after  this,  the  road 
may  be  shortrncd  at  Icaet  a  mile,  and  be  equally  as  good  a 
road  ns  to  follow  the  river. 

2d.  Sandy  Bluffs,  east  foot.  -         -         - 

These  bluft's  are  hard  on  teams,  being  mostly  soft  eand 

2d.  Sandy  Bluffs,  west  foot. 

Bluff  Creek,  4  feet  wide,  1  foot  deep.  - 

After  this,  the  ro.id  maybe  made  considerably  shorter, 
by  lollowine  tli<"  foot  of  the  bluffs. 

3d.  Sandy  Bluffs,  east  foot.  -         -         - 

These  bluffs  arc  sandy,  and  heavy  on  teams.  Near  thr 
west  fide  you  will  lind  several  steep  places  to  descend,  but 
not  difficult,  the  sand  being  soft. 

Small  creek,  running  between  the  bluff's. 

Many  small  Lizards  on  the  sandy  places,  but  they  ap- 
pear to  be  perfectly  harniloss. 

Sandy  Bluffs,  west  foot.       -         -         - 
Bluff  Spring  and  small  creek  200  yards, 
and  one  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  - 

In  the  neighborhood  of  these  creeks  the  land  i' 
ewampy  and  solt.  The  road  was  made  close  to  the  blulVr. 
to  avoid  the  swamps 

Petite  creek,  4  feet  wide,  9  inches  deep. 

Plenty  of  water,  some  muddy,  October  1,  1617.  i^.iti 
tude  41=  12'  50  '. 

Picanninni  creek,  3  feet  wide. 

Good  spring  water,  and  plentiful,  October  1. 18-17. 

Goose  creek,  30  feet  wide,  3  inches  deep. 

After  crosfing  tliifi,  you  pass  over  n  low  range  o! 
bluffs,  very  sandy,  but  only  a  qurirtcr  ot  n  milf  wide  :  ih- 1, 
you  descend  on  the  bottom  land  again,  but  will  lind  it  aoli 
end  fljiringy. 

Small  spring  creek.     .         -         -         - 

^  ..ny  sprinu's  of  cold  water  at  the  foot  of  the  blulVs. 

Small  creek,  4  feet  wide.     -         -         - 

Elcnty  of  clear  cold  water,  October  1,  lS-17. 


a  309ji  721i 


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342 

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345i 
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10 


PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


DiST. 

tn>lo9 


Krom 
WQrs. 
miles. 


Duck-weed  creek,  10  feet  wide.  - 

Abundhncc  of  c-ood,  cold  sprins  water,  Oct.  I,  1847. 

Shoal  stream,  3  leet  wide.    -         -         - 

Dry,  October  1, 1847. 

Rattlesnake  creek,  20  feet  wide,  I5  ft.  deep, 

Swift  currpnt,  sandy  bottom,  but  not  bad  to  cross. 

Cedar  Bluffs. 

On\the  south  side  the  river.  Lat.  IP  13' 44"  Loog 
101°  5-2' 

Creek,  six  feet  wide.  -        -        -        - 

Water  plenty,  September  30, 1847.  Land,{ii  this  neigh- 
1'orhood,  sandy. 

Creek,  four  feet  wide.         -         .         - 

Plenty  of  water,  September  30, 1347. 

Crooked  Creek,  five  feet  wide.     - 

Plenty  of  water.  September  30,  1847. 

Carap  Creek,  eight  feet  wide. 

Two  creeks  here,  about  the  same  size,  but  a  few  rodt 
apart— water  cold  and  plenty,  September  30,  1647.  Nc 
doubt  they  rise  from  springs. 

Creek,  three  feet  wide.        -         -         - 

Plenty  of  water.  May  20,  but  dry,  September  30, 1647 

Pond  Creek,  four  feet  wide. 

Dry,  Scptembor  30,  near  the  river,  but  further  north 
rianv  ponds  and  tall  crass. 

Wolf  Creek,  20  feet  wide.  - 

At  the  east  foot  of  Sandy  Bluffs,  which  arc  bad  to 
cro.^s,  you  will  probably  have  to  double  teams,  if  heavy 
loadcil. 

Sandy  Bluffs,  west  foot.       -         -         - 

Two  hundred  yard  further,  is  a  creek  five  feet  wide. 

Watch  Creek,  8  feet  wide,  and  2  feet  deep. 

Aftor  thi?,  the  road  runs  pretty  near  the  river  baaks, 
to  avoid  seme  swamps  near  the  blufis. 

*'  Lone  Tree,"  north  side  the  river. 

About  three  hundred  yards  south  from  the  road. 

Ash  Hollow,  south  side  the  river. 

So  jiamed  from  a  grove  of  Ash  timber  growing  on  it. 
It  occupies  a  space  of  about  fifteen  or  twenty  acres,  and 
in  surrourdt'd  bv  hish  blutts. 

Castle  Creek,  6  rods  wide,  2  feet  deep. 

Swift  current,  quick-sand  bottom,  water  muddy.  Low 
bank?,  but  not  cood  lo  cross,  on  account  of  quick-sands. 

Castle  Bluffs,  south  side  the  river. 

Yoii  cross  no  more  creeks  of  water,  until  you  arrive 
at  Crab  creek,  twenty-five  and  a  half  miles^om  here. 
The  road  cood,  except  in  one  place,  where  you  travel 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  over  sand. 

Sand  Hill  creek,  12  feet  wide,  south  side 
the  road.     -        .         -         -        - 
Kear  some  sandy  mounds,  on  the  north  side  the  road 

Creek  or  slough.         -        -        -        - 

Dry. 

Creek  or  slough. 

Dry. 

Sandy  Bluffs,  east  foot.        -        -        - 


X 

sm 

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11 


PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


DiST. 

tnilca. 


From 
WOrs. 

miles. 


I'rom 

CofGSL 

miles. 


Sandy  Bluffs,  west  foot.  -  -  - 

Dry  creek.         -        -  -  -  _ 

Dry     do.            _         -  -  -  . 

Dry  creek,  30  feet  wide.  -  -  - 

The  road  runs  near  the  river,  from  hero  to  Crab  creek 

Crab  Creek,  20  feet  wide,  very  shoal.  - 

Two  miles  further  you  will  aee  some  high  bluffs  on 
the  right.  By  ascending  one  of  the  highest  you  will  aee 
Ohimney  Rock,  to  the  west. 

Small  lake,  south  of  the  road. 

fJood  chnnce  to  camp,  without  turning  from  the  road 

Cobble  Hills,  east  foot.         -         -         . 

You  cross  three  dry  creeks  before  you  arrive  here 
and  then  you  travel  over  another  range  of  sandy  bluffs — 
ascent  prcttv  Ptcep,  but  not  very  sandy. 

Cobble  Hills,  west  foot. 

After  you  descend  on  the  low  land,  you  will  find  it 
mostly  sandy  for  ten  miles,  and  in  some  places  very  heavy 
drawing. 

"Ancient  Bluff  Ruins,"  north  side  the  road. 
Latitude  41°  33'  3".      -         -         - 

Resembling  the  ruins  of  ancient  castles,  fortifications, 
&c.  ;  but  visitors  must  be  cautious,  on  account  of  the 
many  rattle-snakrs  lurking  round,  and  concealed  in  tlie 
clefts  of  ihfl  bluffs. 

R.  and  R.,  road  joins  the  river.    - 

Good  pl,ii;o  to  camp.  After  this,  the  road  runs  near 
the  river,  until  you  arrive  at  the  next  low  eandy  ridges. 

Low  sandy  bluffs,  cast  foot. 
Low  sandy  bluffs,  west  foot. 

Aftrr  this,  the  land  for  several  miles,  is  soft  in  wel 
wcTtbrr,  but  good  traveling  in  dry  weather. 

<'  Chimney  Rock,"  (meridian)  south  side 
the  river.    -         -         -         -         - 

Tlic  higher  Kind  now  begins  to  be  sandy  and  barren. 
Many  Prickly-pear.s  wnd  Wild  .Sage,  which  continue  mostly 
throuah  tlio  remriindor  of  the  journey. 

Scott's  Bluffs,  (raer.)  south  side  the  river. 

The  road  here  in  near  enough  to  the  river  to  camp 
Lat.  of  mori.lian.  41'=  .'",0'  52". ;  Long.  10  P  20'. 

Spring  Creek,  10  feet  wide,  8  inches  deep. 

South  of  the  road.  You  do  not  cross  it,  but  travel  hall 
n  mile  alonijiide.     Good  water,  and  many  trout  in  it. 

R,  and  R.,  road  runs  near  the  river. 

Good  chance  to  ramp. 

Low  sandy  bluffs,  north  side  the  road.  - 

You  travel  at  the  foot  of  these  bluffs,  but  will  find  the 
road  Hfindy  and  hcnvy  on  teams. 

Creek,  about  200  yards  south  of  road.  - 

By  ascending  one  of  the  highest  bluffs  near,  you  have 
.1  view  of  "  Liiramie  I'eak"  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Timber,  north  side  the  river. 

Road  here  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  rivi^r — 
ftfter  this,  generally  from  one  to  two  miles  distant.  The 
road,  to  Lnramic.  very  sandy. 

"  Raw  Hide"  creek,  1  rod  wide.  : 

I'lenty  of  water,  Juno  1st,  but  dry,  Sept.  15, 1847. 


4 

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12 


PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


DiST. 

iniles 


from 
W  Qr3. 
miles. 


From 

CofCTSL 

miles. 


"Fort  John"  or  Laramie  lord.     - 

The  fort  Inya  about  one  tind  a  half  m'.les  wcft  from 
the  river.  The  ford  is  good  in  low  water.  River  108  yarde 
wide.    (See  Note  3.) 

Steep  hill  to  descend.  -         -         . 

The  descent  lieini?  over  rock,  and  very  steep,  malie^ 
it  dangerous  to  wagons,  but  it  is  not  lengthy. 

Steep  hill  to  ascend  and  descend. 

'  In  traTclino:  over  this  hill,  you  will  find  the  road  rocky 
In  places,  and  about  half  way  over  there  is  a  sudden  turn 
In  the  road  over  rough  rocks,  which  is  dangerous  to  wag 
one,  if  care  is  not  taken. 

Road  leaves  the  river.         -        -        . 

At  this  point,  the  road  bends  to  the  south-west,  leaving 
the  river.  You  will  not  come  to  the  river  banks  again  for 
eighty  miles. 

"  Warm  Springs,"  Lat.  42°  15'  6".       - 

This  is  a  very  strong  ppring  of  clear  water,  but  it  is 
warmer  than  river  water,  ot  oil  seasons  of  the  year 

Very  sleep  bluff,  half  a  mile  up.  - 

Before  arriving  at  this,  you  pass  through  a  narrow  ra- 
vine, between  blutfs.  The  ascent  is  unpleasant,  on  ac- 
count of  cobble  stones. 

"Porter's  Rock,"  left  of  the  road. 

A  mile  beyond  this,  you  descend  to  the  lower  land 
again.    The  descent  is  steep,  lengthy  and  sandy. 

Bitter  Creek  and  Cold  Spring. 

This  was  dry,  September  13.  Here  is  plenty  of  timber, 
end  if  there  is  no  water,  you  will  find  plenty  three  and  a 
half  mile«  further. 

Bitter  Creek-^second  crossing.     - 
Bend  in  the  road.        -        -        -        - 

Road  turns  south  about  two  hundred  yards,  to  avoid 
A  deep  ravine,  then  back  again  the  same  distance. 

Dead  Timber  creek,  10  feet  wide. 

Plenty  of  timber,  grass  and  water. 

Creek,  south  side  the  road. 

You  don't  cross  this  creek,  but  go  just  above  it.  It  Is 
a  good  chance  to  camp. 

Small  creek  and  spring  :  Lat.  42°  21'  51" 

Not  safe  to  depend  on  for  a  camping  place.  Little 
prass  and  not  much  water— dry,  September  13, 1847. 

Steep  hill,  quarter  mile  up. 

Pleasant  view  of  the  surrounding  country  from  the 
rummit.  The  descent  steep  in  several  places,  and  many 
cobblestones  in  the  road. 

"Horse  Creek"  and  Heber's  Spring.    • 

The  spring  lays  a  little  to  the  right  of  the  road,  at  the 
edge  of  timber.  If  it  is  dry.  there  is  water  in  the  creek, 
about  one  hundred  yards  north  from  this  spring. 

BluflF  ^ths  of  a  mile  to  the  summit. 

Difficult  to  ascend  on  account  of  six  or  seven  steep 
places,  where  you  will  probably  have  to  double  teams. 

Small  creek :  Lat.  42°  29'  58".     - 

After  crossing  this,  you  cross  five  others,  about  a  mile 
epart,  but  none  of  them  safe  to  depend  on  for  a  camping 
place,  being  little  grass,  and  lees  (11  any)  water. 


12  I  522 


7^ 
4h 


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550 
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565 

567. 

569: 


I 


PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS 


Dl§T. 

miles. 


Frem   l     trt.iii 
WQng.lCofGSL 
miles.  I     miles. 


6lh  small  creek  from  the  last. 

After  croising  this,  you  fiscend  a  high  bluff,  the  top  of 
which  ia  a  succession  ot  biils  and  hollows  ior  five  milee. 
The  road  is  good,  but  crooked. 

"  La  Bonte"  river,  30  feet  wide,  2  ft.  deep. 

Good  place  to  camp — plenty  of  timber,  gr«s9,  and 
water.  There  is  also  a  good  chance,  a  mile  further.  1*161115 
of  wild  mint  on  the  creek. 

Branch  of  La  Bonte,  10  feet  wide,  18  inch- 
es deep.      -         -         .         -         - 

Doubtful  about  water,  .^tccp  banVa.  You  have  now 
traveled  near  a  mile  over  this  dark,  red  sand,  and  will  find 
It  continue  three  and  «  half  miles  further. 

Very  small  creek.       -         _         -         - 

Little  chance  for  gras.s,  and  less  for  water.  One  mile 
beyond  this,  you  nitcend  another  bluff,  but  the  road  is  tol' 
erably  straight  and  good.  Look  out  for  toads  with  homf 
find  tails. 

Very  small  creek.       -        -        »        - 

Very  poor  chnnco  for  camping. 

Very  small  creek.       -         -         -         - 

I'he  rood  runs  down  the  channel  of  this  creelj,  near 
two  hundred  yards,  but  there  is  little  grass  on  it. 

A  La  Prele  river,  one  rod  wide,  2  it.  deep 

Current  rapid — good  place  to  camp.  Land  betwcoB 
creeks  mostly  sandy  and  barren.  Road  from  here  to  the 
Platte  very  uneven,  being  a  succession  of  hills  and  hollows 

Small  creek.       -         -         -         -         - 

No  place  to  cam]) — doubtful  for  water. 

Box  Elder  creek,  5  i'eet  wide. 

Clear  water,  and  plenty — but  not  much  grass.  Not 
very  good  to  cross,  banks  being  steep.   Some  timber  on  it 

Fourche  Boise  river,  30  feet  wide,  2  feet, 
deep:  Lat.  42°  51' 5". 

Current  rapid.    Plenty  of  good  grase  and  timber. 

North  fork  of  Platte  river.  -         -        - 

Not  much  grass  here.  You  will  now  find  a  sandy  roa(' 
and  heavy  traveling:. 

"  Deer  Creek,"  30  feet  wide,  two  feet  deep : 
Lat.  42°  52'  50":  Altitude,  4,864  feet 

Lovelv'  place  to  camp.  Sv^'ift  current,  clear  water. 
and  abundance  of  fish.  Nice  grove  of  timber  on  the  banks, 
ond  a  coal  mine  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  tip.  on  the  east 
side.  After  this,  you  will  find  eandy  roads  for  nine  miles, 
but  not  much  grass. 

Deep  hollow,  or  ravine — steep  banks.  - 
Sudden  bend  in  the  road.     -         -         - 

To  avoid  a  deep  ravine. 

Grove  of  limber  on  the  banks  of  the  river. 

Good  chance  to  camp.    Lat.  42*^  51'  47". 

Crooked,  muddy  creek,  12  ft.  wide,  1  deep. 

Not  good  to  crosE— steep  banks.  Plenty  of  grass,  but 
no  wood. 

Muddy  creek,  3  feet  wide.  -        -        - 

Soft  banke  find  ba  I  to  cross.  Ccneidcrable  small  lim- 
ber, but  little  grass.    After  this,  good  but  crooked  road. 

Deep  gulf. 


41 


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14 


PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


D:sT, 

miles. 


From 
W  Qrs. 

miles 


From 

CofGSL 

tnilefl. 


Creek,  two  feet  wide.  -         .        - 

No  place  to  camp. 

Muddy  creek,  5  feet  wide,  H  feet  deep. 

No  chance  to  camp. 

2  ravines,  near  together :  Lat.  42"  5^44". 

Opposite  here  there  is  a  fording  place,  where  compa 
nics  generally  have  forded  the  river. 

Creek  five  feet  wide.  -         -         - 

Abundf.nce  of  ttsh,  early  in  the  ecason,  but  Iittlo  graSE. 
Knd  no  timber. 

Upper  Platte  ferry  and  ford. 

Flenty  of  feed  and  some  timber  on  both  sides  the  river 
(See  Note  4.)    Lat  42°  50'  18".    Altitude  4,875  feet. 

Road  turns  south,  and  rises  a  long  hill.  - 

Ascent  gradual.  Many  Ein;rular  looking  rocks  on  the 
eouth  side. "^Descent  rough  and  crooked.  Towards  tht 
foot,  road  very  uneven. 

Mineral  spring  and  lake..    -        -        - 

Considered  poisonous.  No  bad  taste  to  the  water,  un- 
less the  cattle  trample  in  it.  In  tliat  case  it  becomes  black 
find  is  doubtless  poisonous.    No  timber  near. 

Rock  avenue  and  steep  descent.   - 

The  road  here  passes  between  high  rocks,  forming  i 
kind  of  avenue  or  gateway,  for  a  quarter  of  a  mile. 

Alkali  swamps  and  springs.  •         - 

This  ought  to  be  avoided  as  a'camping  ground— it  ii 
A  small  valley,  surrounded  by  high  bluffa.  The  land  ex- 
ceeding miry,  and  Amelia  bad.  There  is  a  creek  of  gooo 
WKtur  north-west.  No  timber  and  little  graf  s.  Next  mile, 
rough  road. 

Small  stream  of  clear  spring  water. 

Good  camping  place.    Plenty  of  grass,  butro  wood. 

''Willow  Spring."      - 

About  three  rods  west  of  the  road,  at  the  foot  of  wil 
low  bualics.  Water  cold  and  good— grass  plenty,  but  creek 
some  miry. 

♦'Prospect  Hill,"  (summit.) 

Pleasant  view  of  the  surrounding  country,  to  the 
Sweet  Water  mountains. 

Bad  slough.        -        -        -        -        - 

Plenty  of  gross,  but  little  water.  A  mile  further  is  i. 
hill,  both  steep  ascending  and  descending. 

Creek,  300  yards  south  of  road.  -        ^ 

Plenty  of  giass,  but  no  wood. 

Small  creek,  left  of  the  road. 

Grass  plentiful,  but  doubtful  for  water,  and  no  wood 
The  road  runs  alongside  this  creek  fer  half  a  mile. 

Grease-wood  creek,  6  feet  wide  1  ft.  deep. 

Very  little  grass,  and  no  fuel  but  wild  saM.  Roac 
from  hero  to  the  tiweet  Water  sandy,  and  very  heavy. 

Alkali  springs  and  lakes.     -         -         - 

Here  gather  your  Paleraitus  from  a  lake,  west  of  the 
road.    Land  swampy,  and  smellg  bad.    Water  poisonous 

"  Sweet-wSter  river,"  8  rods  wide,  2  ft. 
deep.  .         .         -         -         - 

Swift  current— 2ood  water.  Grass  plentiful,  but  little 
timber.   (See  Note  5) 


n 
1 

3 
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7 

2 

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13 

21 

U 
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644 

647 

648, 

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390 
387 

384 

382i 

3755 


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670| 

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6851 


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6931 

698 


362i 
3601 

3565 
3531 

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,347J 
345i 


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333 


15 


PRO^^NENT  POINTS   AND    REMARKS. 


I  from 
W  Qbs 
mile* 


From 
CofGSL 

tniles. 


Independence  Rock  and  lord. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  river — about  six  hundred 
rards  lonp,  and  a  hundred  and  twenty  vrtde,  composed  ol 
hard  firanite.    (See  Note  i) 

Devil's  Gate. 

A  little  west  from  the  rofld.  The  rirer  here  passes 
hctwecn  perpendicular  rocks  four  hundred  feet  high.— 
This  is  a  curiosity  worthy  of  a  travelcr'a  notice. 

Creek  two  feet  wide.  -        -         -         . 

Not  ;ood  to  crofls.  The  road  runs  near  the  river 
bnnks  for  ten  miles  after  this. 

Creek,  6  feet  wide.     -        -        -         . 

Good  to  croES.  Water  and  grass  plenty,  but  lacks 
timber.  Vou  will  find  grass  all  along  on  the  banks  of  the 
river,  but  very  little  wood. 

Deep  ravine  and  creek.       -        -        - 

Plenty  of  grass  and  water,  but  no  wood. 

Deep  ravine  and  creek.       -        -        - 

Doubtful  for  water. 

Road  leaves  the  river  :  Lftt.  42'  28'  25". 

Road  after  this,  eandy  and  heavy,  and  passes  over  s 
high  bluft".  Land  barren  lor  seven  and  a  half  nriles 
(Seo  Note  C.) 

Alkali  Lake. 

On  the  left  of  the  road. 
Sage  creek.        -         -        -        -        - 

No  glass.  Hiah banks.  Doubtful  for  water,  but  Wild 
Ssee  plentiful.  Ono  and  three-quarter  miles  further  you 
«n-ive  on  the  river  banks  ajain. 

Creek,  three  feet  wide.        -         -         - 

Doubtful  for  water,  but  the  road  runs  closo  to  the 
river. 

High  gravelly  blulf.    -         -         -         - 

Lelt  of  the  road,  and  a  very  good  place  to  camp. 

Bilter-cotton-wood  creek.    - 

Doubtful  for  water  and  grass.  Some  timber  on  it.  Af- 
ter this,  the  road  leaves  the  river  for  six  miles. 

Road  arrives  at  the  river.    -         -         - 
Leave  the  old  road  and  ford  the  river.  - 

By  fording  here,  the  rond  ia  shorter,  and  you  avoid 
much  very  heavy,  sandy  road.    Lat.  42^  31'  20". 

Road  turns  between  tho  rocky  ridges.   - 

After  this,  you  ford  the  river  twice — but  it  is  easily 
fordfd.    Then  ilie  road  leaves  the  river  again. 

Ford  No.  4 — good  camping  place. 

Alter  this,  the  road  leaves  tho  river  agnin,  and  you 
will  probably  find  no  water  fit  to  drink  for  sixteen  and  » 
half  miles. 

Ice  Spring.         -         .        ,         -        - 

This  is  on  a  low,  swampy  spot  of  lard  on  the  right 
of  the  road.  Ice  may  generally  be  Ibund,  by  dliigingdown 
f  bout  t\yo  feet.  ThercVue  two  alkali  lakes  a  Utile  lurthor. 

Alkali  springs.  -         -         -         -         - 

On  the  Iclt  of  the  rohd 

Steep  descent  from  tlio  bluffs. 

Ford  of  Sweet-water,  No.  5.        -         - 

Plenty  of  good  eniss  and  willow  buihcs.  Klvcr  about 
three  roda  wide,  and  two  fecttlcop. 


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PKOMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


Dl9T. 

mUcs. 


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WQrs. 
milcB. 


from 
CofGSL 

miles. 


Creek  a  rod  wide.       -        -        -         - 

Doubtful  for  water. 

Bluff  or  hill,  I2  miles  to  summit. 

Tho  ascent  gradual,  though  steep  in  some  places. 

Road  joins  the  river,  and  fords  it. 

The  river  is  forded  here,  to  avoid  croeeing  the  next 
high,  sandy  ridge,  making  the  road  much  better,  and  aome 
shorter. 

Ford  back.  .        *         -        -         - 

River  banks  and  stream,  25  feet  wide.  - 

This  appears  to  be  a  branch  of  the  river,  running 
round  a  piece  of  land,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  vcide. 

Creek,  two  feet  wide :  Lat.  42°  28'  36". 

A  good  cold  spring,  a  little  to  the  right  of  the  road 
anda  softrwampjustbelow.butitisagood  place  to  camp 

Road  leaves  the  river.  -         -        - 

Good  camping  place.  Afterthis,  the  road  winds  around 
and  over  a  succession  of  hilU  and  hollows,  for  three  miles. 

Rougli,  rocky  ridges.  -         -  ,      - 

Dangerous  to  wagons,  and  ought  to  be  crossed  with 
care. 

Soft  swamp  and  very  small  creek. 

No  place  to  camp. 

Creek,  a  foot  wide.     -        -        -        - 
Creek,  two  feet  wide.  ... 

Strawberry  creek,  five  feet  wide. 

Plenty  of  grass  and  water,  and  some  willows.  Good 
place  to  camp.  There  is  a  poplar  grove  about  o  mile  below. 

Quaking-aspen  creek.  -        »        . 

This  rises  in  a  small  grove  of  timber  on  the  south  side 
the  road,  but  is  not  safe  to  depend  on  for  water. 

Branch  of  Sweet-water,  2  rods  wide,  two 
feet  deep. 

Good  place  to  camp.  Water  good  and  cold.  Grast 
and  willows,  plenty. 

Willow  creek,  8  feet  wide,  2  feet  deep. 

Good  camping  place  for  grass,  water  and  willows. 
The  ford  is  near  three  rods  vride. 

Sweet-water,  3  rods  wide,  3  feet  deep. 

Good  place  to  camp.  After  traveling  seven  miles  be- 
yond this,  and  passing  between  the  Twin  mounds,  you 
will  find  a  good  camping  place  a  quarter  of  a  mile  north 
of  the  road. 

South  Pass,  or  summit  of  dividing  ridge. 

This  is  the  dividing  ridge  between  the  waters  of  the 
Atlantic  and  Pacific.    Altitude,  7,085  feet. 

Pacific  creek  and  springs.   -        -        - 

Abundance  of  cra-ss  any  where  for  a  miJe.  Good 
water,  and  plenty  ot  Wild  Sage  for  fuel. 

Pacific  creek  (crossing)  three  feet  wide: 
Lat.  42°  18'  58":  Long.  108°  40'  0". 

Not  good  to  cross  Pretty  good  place  to  camp,  escepi 
for  wood.  After  you  leave  here  you  will  find  a  good  road, 
but  very  little  water. 

Dry  Sandy.        -        -        -        -        . 

The  water  brackish,  and  not  good  for  cattle.  Very 
little  grass,  but  no  wood. 


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17 


PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


DlST. 

miles 


h'lOIQ 

niilej. 


!•  loni 

CofGSL 

miles. 


Junction  of  California  and  Oregon  roads. 

Tako  tliQ  IcU  bond  road.  Good  road  a  low  niilts,  alter 
war.b  sandy  and  heavy. 

LiUlo  Sandy,  20  feet  wide,  2^  feet  deep. 

Muddy  water — swift  current.  Plenty  of  willowa  and 
mid  aage.  Abundance  of  grass  down  llic  stream.  AUei 
tiiia,  barren  and  fandy  land. 

Big  Sandy,  7  rods  wide,  2  feet   deep :  Lat. 
42"  ii'  42".  -        .        -        - 

Good  chance  to  camp.  A  few  miles  further,  you  will 
find  a  short  piece  of  rough  road,  over  rocks  and  cobblt 
stones.  No  grass  or  water  after  this  for  near  K  miles. 

Big  Sandy.         -         -         -         -         - 

Good  chanco  to  camp.  After  this, barren,  sandy  land 
nnd  heavy  road  till  you  arrive  at  Green  river. 

Green  river  ford,  16  rods  wide.  - 

Good  camping  any  where  on  the  banks,  and  plenty  ol 
timber.  It  is  not  diliicult  fording  in  low  water;  but  if  too 
higii  to  ford,  the  best  crossing  place  Is  upstream.  Latitude 
—2  miles  above— 4P  5J'  3T";  Long.  109^  aU'.  .\!t.  C.OOO  feet. 

Good  camping  place  on  Green  river. 

Plenty  of  gra^s  lirre.  But  no  other  very  good  chanci 
ti  camp  on  thi<  side  the  river. 

Road  leaves  Green  river.     -         -         - 

No  grass  nor  water  after  this  for  fifteen  and  a  hall 
miles.  Land  rolling,  barren — mostly  sandy,  aud  several 
Sleep  plMCCd  to  pass. 

Black's  fork,  6  rods  wide,  2  feet  deep.  - 

Good  chance  to  camp,  and  a  nice  place,  though  not 
much  timber. 

Ham's  fork,  3  rods  wide,  2  feet  deep.   - 

rav)id  current,  cold  water,  plenty  of  bunch  grass  anc 
willows,  and  is  a  good  camp  ground. 

Black's  fork  again.      -         -         .         - 

Not  much  grass,  but  plenty  of 'willows.  You  will  now 
have  i-ome  unrvt-n  rond,  with  many  ravlnea. 

Small  creek,  2  feet  wide.     -         -         - 

No  grass,  and  probably  no  water. 

Black's  fork,  third  time. 

Alter  crooiin;;  you  will  find  n  good  camping  place 
rinnty  of  bunch  grses ;   also,  wild  tlax. 

Black's  fork,  fourth  time.     ... 

Vou  ford  again  at  a  eood  camping  place. 

Stream  2  rods  wide,  2  feet  deep. 

Very  swift  current,  and  plenty  of  bunch  grass.  Roa*' 
pvolty  rou^h  after  this. 

Stream — good  camping  place  at  a  bend. 

Vou  do  not  croM  the  rtream,  but  there  i?  a  good  camp 
Inff  nlace,  whrre  the  road  passes  a  bend  of  tlm  crrck. 

''Fort  Bridgcr:"  Lat.  41°  19' 13"^  Long. 
110' 5';  Altitude,  6,G65  feet. 

You  cross  fourcushiog  creeks,  within  half  a  mile,  be 
for©  you  r'Bch  the  Fort,  and  by  traveling  half  a  mile  be 
yond  iho  Fort,  yoa  will  crois  three  others,  and  then  find 
a  good  place  to  oamp. 

The  Fort  Is  composed  of  four  log  hou.'cs  nnd  a  smal 
enclosure  lor  hor*CJs.    Land  exeeedlns  rich-  water  cole? 
and  good,  and  confiderable  timber 
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PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS. 


DiST. 

miles. 


Kroia  I     From 
WQks.  CofGSL 
miles,  I    miles. 


Cold  Springs,  on  the  right  side  the  road. 

Tbcro  is  timber  here,  and  ii  is  a  pretty  good  campmg 
place. 

Small  creek  and  springs.     -        -        - 

No  feed  here,  and  no  place  to  camp. 

Summit  of  High  Ridge:  Lat.  41°  16'  11". 

After  this,  you  travel  several  miles  on  tolerably  level 
land,  then  you  descend  to  lower  land  by  a  etecp,  tediotis 
route. 

Muddy  Fork,  12  feet  wide. 

Plenty  of  bunch  grass  and  willows.  Water  clear,  and 
not  bad  tasted.  After  this,  you  will  probably  find  no  good 
water  lor  eleven  miles. 

Copperas,  or  Soda  Spring.  -         -        - 

Left  of  the  road  at  the  loot  ot  a  hill.  The  road  now 
begins  to  ascend  another  high  ridge. 

Summit  of  Ridge :  Altitude  7,315  feet. 

The  descent  is  lengthy,  and  some  tedious.  About  half 
way  down  you  pass  over  rough  roclis,  and  the  pass  being 
narrow,  malcea  it  dangerous  to  wagons. 

Copperas,  or  Soda  Spring.    -        -         - 

Cattle  will  drink  this  water,  and  there  is  plenty  of 
grass  around  it.  A  little  lurther  the  road  turns  to  the  left 
and  passes  dovyn  a  narrow  ravine. 

Spring  of  good  water,  south  side  the  road. 

This  is  surrounded  by  high  grass,  close  to  the  creeli 
Bide.  There  is  another  spring  a  little  further  on  thenoUb 
eide  the  road,  which  will  probably  be  the  last  water  you 
will  find  till  you  arrive  at  Sulpbur  creels. 

East  foot  of  dividing  ridge.  -         -         - 

Dividing  ridge  between  the  waters  of  the  Colorado 
and  Great  Basin.  Ascent  very  steep  and  crooked— narrow 
summit  and  steep  descending.  Alter  this,  crooked  road 
between  mountains.    Altitude  of  ridge,  7,700  feet. 

Sulphur  creek,  10  feet  wide. 

Plenty  of  grass  and  some  willows  ;  also,  small  cedar 
at  the  foot  of  the  mountain.    (See  Kote  7.) 

Bear  river,  6  rods  wide,  2  feet  deep.     - 

Swift  cuiTcnt— clear  cold  water ;  plenty  of  timber  and 
p-ass.    Altitude  at  ford,  6,836  feet. 

Summit  of  Ridge.       -        -        -        - 

Half  a  mile  further  you  cross  a  email  ridge,  then  de- 
Bccnd  into,  and  travel  down  a  nice  narrow  bottom,  where 
is  plenty  of  gr^ss. 

Spring  of  clear,  cold  water. 

On  the  south -side  the  creek,  about  two  rods  from  the 
road.  The  spring  Is  deep— watrr  clear,  cold  and  good 
Perhaps  it  will  not  be  easy  to  find,  being  surrounded  by 

Yellow  creek,  cross  at  foot  of  rocky  bluffs. 

You  will  soon  cross  this  ncain,  and  about  a  mile  fur 
ther  you  ascend  aaother  long  ridge,  the  ascent  being  pretty 
et«ep  and  tedious. 

Summit  of  Ridge.        -         -         - 

Descent  pretty  steep.  About  three-fourths  of  n  mile 
down  from  the  Kuramit,  is  a  spring  of  good  cold  wati^r,  oe 
the  left  of  the  road. 


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PROMINENT  rOINT3  AND  REMARKS. 


trum 
CofGSr. 


Cache  Cave  and  head  of  Kcho  creek  :  Al- 
titude, 6,070  feet. 

Cave  in  tlio  blutTi  noith.  Several  epriiiga  along  the 
roaJ.  bcloie  you  nrrivc  hcie,  nnd  one,  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
f  outb  from  tbc  Cave.  Plciiiy  of  giuss,  ao  J  a  good  place 
to  cnaijj. 

Cold  spring,  on  the  right  of  the  road.    - 

TbU  also  ii  agOLxl  place  to  CBmp,  being  plenty  ofgrofs 

Cold  spring,  south  side  the  road.  - 

At  the  fool  of  (I  high  bill.  Good  place  to  camp.  After 
this,  you  travel  dowu  a  narrow  ruTine,  Lelween  hiirl) 
mountains,  till  you  arrive  at  Weber  river.  Not  much  dil 
ficulty  for  camping  down  it. 

Deep  ravine.      -         -         .         -         . 

Steep  on  both  banks.  After  this,  you  will  cross  Echo 
creek  a  number  of  tunes,  but  iu  no  place  very  difficulL 

Red  fork  of  Weber  river  :  Alt.  5,301  feet. 

There  is  a  good  camping  place  a  mile  before  you  ar- 
rive hero.  Alfo,  almnat  Kny  where  on  the  llnnka  cf  thf 
river.  Plenty  of  timber.  The  stream  abounds  with  spotted 
trout. 

Weber  river  ford,  4  rods  wide,  2  ft.  deep 

Good  to  ford.  Plenty  of  grass  and  timber  on  both 
ridee  the  river. 

Pratt's  Pass,  to  avoid  the  Kanyon. 

The  Knnyon  is  a  few  milci  below,  where  the  river 
rana  between  high  mountains  of  rocke.  tjome  emigrantt 
have  paH«ed  throuqb,  but  it  is  dangerous. 

East  ibot  of  Long  hill. 

Therj  is  a  email  creek  descends  down  the  ho'low.  up 
which  the  road  is  made.  There  are  acveral  £prijigs  near 
the  road. 

Bridge  (over  the  creek.) 

Not  a  bad  pincc  to  camp. 

Summit  of  RiJge.        -         -         -         - 

The  country  wcht  look*  rough  and  monntninous.  The 
descent  is  uot  pleasant,  boirj;  mostly  on  the  side  hiU. 

Small  creek,  left  of  the  road. 

Good  place  to  camp.  Plenty  of  praep,  w\icr  nnd  wil 
Iow«.  The  road  here  turns  north  a  quarter  of  a  mile,  then 
wcit,  and  ascciKls  a  siiTp  bill. 

Kanyon  creek,  1  rod  wide,  1  foot  deep 
*Lat.  40°  54' 7".   ...        - 

You  have  to  crpps  tl.l)  creek  thirteen  times,  l^fsideo 
tWD  bad  »warap(i.  The  road  is  dangerous  to  wngon»,  on 
accouDtot  dei'fe,  high  bu.'hes,  fees,  luid  abort  turns  iu  the 
road.    Gool  pbce  to  camp.    (See  Note  i).). 

Leave  Kanyon  creek.  -         . 

Here  you  turn  to  the  right,  nnd  begin  to  noccnd  the 
highcnt  raoutrt'tn  yon  cross  in  thn  whole  journey.  You 
travel  thrnu;jh  timhcr,  Boinc  ou  iiido  hills,  and  cxuss  tbi 
cro«k  a  numhcr  of  times. 

Small  spring,  left  of  the  road. 

You  Will  probably  lind  water  In  a^veTnl  places,  but  il 
is  BlicrtJiin  where,  na  it  runa  but  •  lUtlc  way  iu  a  place, 
itnd  then  sinks  in  the  esr  b. 

Summit  of  mountain :  Ahi(udc.  7,245  feet. 

Yon  have  now  a  view  of  the  lonth  part  of  tbo  Valley 
of  the  Great  b'alt  Lake.  The  d'-scent  i.«  ctrrp,  leuglhy.l 
•nJ  tedious,  on  account  of  stonips  in  the  roiul.  ' 


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20 


PROMINENT  POINTS  AND  REMARKS, 


DlST. 

miles. 

From 
WQbs. 
miles. 

iTom 

CofGSL 

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Bridge  over  a  deep  ravine.  -        -        - 

This  is  dfingerous  to  cross,  and  a  wagon  may  be  easily 
upset.  The  road  lays  through  a  forest  of  email  timber, 
find  is  unpleasant  traveling. 

Brown's  creek  and  spring.  -        -        - 

Not  a  bad  place  to  camp,  but  there  is  a  much  better 
one,  half  a  mile  lower  down. 

Cold  spring  on  Brown's  creek.     - 

Within  a  rod  of  the  road,  on  the  east  side,  under  a 
grore  of  Black  Birch  bushes.  Good  place  to  camp,  but 
Dome  miry.  Good  camping  any  where  for  two  miles 
lower. 

Leave  Brown's  creek.  .        -        - 

You  now  ascend  another  high  mountain,  by  a  steep 
and  crooked  road.  On  both  sides  this  mountain,  there  arc 
many  Serviceberry  bushes. 

Summit  of  last  ridge.  -        -         -        - 

The  descent  is  very  steep,  ail  the  way,  till  you  arrive 
on  the  banks  of  Last  creek. 

Last  creek.        -        -        -        -        - 

Vou  cross  this  creek  nineteen  times.  Several  ef  the 
crossings  are  difficult.  There  are  several  side  lulls  which 
require  care  in  teamsters.  Three  camping  places  on  it, 
but  the  road  is  rough. 

Mouth  of  the  Kanyon.         .        -        - 

You  now  enter  the  Valley  ef  the  Salt  Lake.  The  road 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Kanyon  bad,  and  rough  with  stumps 
Afterwards,  descending  and  good. 

City  of  the  Gbeat  Salt  Lake. 


The  city  is  located  within  three  miles  of  the  mountains, 
%vhich  enclose  the  east  side  of  the  valley — \vithin  three  miles 
of  the  Utah  outlet,  and  twenty-two  miles  of  the  Salt  Lake, 
^'hc  land  is  gradually  sloping,  from  the  mountain  to  within, a 
..mile  of  the  Outlet,  and  is  of  a  black,  loose,  sandy  nature.  A 
Stream  of  water  rushes  from  the  mountains  east  of  the  city, 
and,  at  the  upper  part,  it  divides  in  two  branches,  both  of 
which  pass  through  the  city  to  the  Outlet.  The  water  is 
good,  and  very  cold,  and  abundance  for  mill  purposes,  or  for 
irrigation.  The  air  is  good  and  pure,  sweetened  by  the  healthy 
breezes  from  the  Salt  Lake.  The  grass  is  rich  and  plentiful, 
and  well  filled  with  rushes,  and  the  passes  in  (he  mountains 
afford  abundance  of  good  timber,  mostly  halsam  Fir. 

The  valley  is  about  forty  miles  long,  and  from  twenty  to 
twenty-five  miles  wide.  It  is  beautifully  surrounded  on  the 
west,  south,  and  east  by  high  mountains.  Salt  Lake  extends 
from  a  point  a  little  south  of  west,  from  the  city,  to  about 
eighty  miles  north,  forming  the  north-western  boundary  of  the 


21 

valley.  There  are  two  sulphur  springs  a  mile  and  a  half  north 
from  the  *Temple  Block  ;  the  water  is  salt,  and  a  little  warmer 
than  blood :  two  miles  further  north  there  is  a  sulphur  spring 
of  boiling  water.  There  is  not  mueh  land  on  the  north  part  of 
the  valley  tit  for  cultivation ;  but  the  cast  side  is  well  adapted 
for  farming,  being  well  watered  by  several  large  creeks,  and 
the  soil  beautiful.  The  land  on  the  west  of  the  Utah  Outlet, 
is  also  good  for  farming,  and  easily  irrigated  from  the  south  end 
of  the  Outlet. 

The  latitudes,  longitudes,  and  altitudes  are  copied  from 
the  observations  and  calculations  made  by  Elder  O.  Pratt. 

The  variation  of  the  magnetic  needle,  at  the  City  of  the 
Great  Salt  Lake,  15°  47'  23"  east,  as  determined  on  the  30th 
July,  A.  D.  1847,  by  the  mean  of  several  observations,  and 
calculations  of  the  Sun's  Azimuths  and  Altitudes. 


*  Latitude  of  northern  boundary  of  Temple  Block,  40°  45'  44". 
Longitude  of  do.  do.  do.  111°  26' 34". 

Altitude  of     do.  do.  do.  4,300  feet. 


22 


NOTES. 

Note  i.  If  the  Elk  Horn  river  is  forJable,  you  leave  the 
main  road  a  mile  before  you  strike  the  river,  and  turn  north. 
After  leaving  the  road  ihrce-fourihs  of  a  mile,  yo\x  will  cross 
a  very  bad  creek  or  slough,  being  soft  and  miry ;  but,  by 
throwing  in  long  grass,  it  will  be  good  crossing.  You  then 
travel  three-fourths  of  a  mile  further,  and  arrive  at  the  ford. 
You  will  go  up  stream  when  fording,  and  gradually  come 
nearer  to  the  opposite  shore,  till  you  strike  a  piece  of  low  land 
on  the  west  side  j  you  then  pass  by  a  narrow,  crooked  road, 
through  the  timber,  till  you  arrive  on  the  open  prairie.  You 
will  then  see  a  post  erected  in  near  a  south  direction,  about 
a  mile  distant.  Go  straight  to  tluit  post,  and  you  will  find  a 
good  bridge  over  the  creek — and  there,  again  strike  the  main 
road.  From  Jicre,  you  have  before  you  near  five  liundred 
miles  travel  over  a  flat,  level  country,  and  a  good  road,  with 
the  exception  of  several  sandy  bluffs  mentioned  herein.  The 
road  generally  runs  from  one  to  two  miles  from  the  Platte 
river,  but  not  too  far  to  turn  off  to  camp  in  case  of  necessity. 
All  camping  places,  which  lay  near  the  road,  are  meiTtioned  in 
this  work.  You  will  find  near  two  hundred  miles  without 
timber,  but  in  that  region  you  will  find  plenty  of  buflalo  chips, 
which  are  a  good  substitute  for  fuel.  Buffalo  are  numerous 
after  you  arrive  at  the  head  of  Grand  Island,  and  continue  two 
hundred  miles. 

Note  it.  The  descent  to  the  ford  is  steep,  and  at  the  bottom 
very  sandy.  Your  best  chance  to  ford  will,  probably,  be  to 
enter  the  river  opposite  to  where  you  descend  from  the  bluff; 
then  go  near  a  straight  course,  but  inclining  a  little  down 
stream,  till  more  than  half  way  over,  when  you  will  find  a 
sand-bar.  Follow  this,  down  stream  near  half  a  mile,  and 
you  will  then  see  a  good  place  to  go  out  on  the  south  side.  In 
this  river  the  channels  often  change — the  old  ones  fill  up,  and 
new  ones  are  made — hence,  the  wisdom  and  necessity  of  hav- 
ing several  men  go  across  on  horses,  to  find  the  best  route,  be- 
fore you  attempt  to  take  wagons  over.  If  this  precaution  is 
not  taken,  you  may  plunge  your  wagons  from  a  sand-bar  into 
a  deep  hole,  and  do  much  damage.  If  you  ford  up  stream,  and 
come  out  lu'gher  than  where  you  enter,  after  crossing,  strike 
for  the  bluffs,  in  a  direction  a  very  little  west  of  south,  till 
you  arrive  on  the  old  road. 

On  arriving  at  Prairie  creek,  if  you  take  a  south-west 
course,  a  short  day's  drive  will  bring  you  to  Wood  river,  six 
or  eight  miles  above  where  the  old  road  crosses;  and  by  keep- 
ing the  same  course  after  crossing  Wood  river,  you  will  strike 


23 

tlie  Platte  ten  or  twelve  miles  above  where  Wood  river  emp- 
ties into  it.  By  this  means  the  road  would  be  shortened  at 
least  iivc  miles,  and  probably  much  more. 

Note  hi.  Fort  "John,  or  Laramie,"  lays  about  one  and  a 
half  miles  from  the  river,  in  near  a  south-west  course,  and  is 
composed  of  a  trading  establishment,  and  about  twelve  houses, 
enclosed  by  a  wall  eleven  feet  high.  The  wall  and  houses  arc 
built  of  adobes,  or  Spanish  brick.  It  is  situated  on  the  Lara- 
mie Fork,  and  is  a  pleasant  location :  the  latitude  of  the  Fort 
is  42"  12'  13";  longitude  104°  11'  53",  and  altitude  above  the 
sea,  4,090  feet.  After  leaving  here  you  begin  to  cross  the 
*'  Black  Hills,"  and  will  find  rough  roads,  high  ridges,  and 
mostly  barren  country.  There  is,  however,  not  much  diffi- 
culty in  finding  good  camping  places,  each  day's  travel,  by  ob- 
serving tlie  annexed  table. 

Tliere  is  a  road  Ibllows  the  river,  instead  of  crossing  the 
Black  Hills,  and  it  is  represented  as  being  as  near,  and  much 
better  traveling  if  the  river  is  fordable.  By  following  this 
road  you  have  to  cross  the  river  three  times  extra,  but  will 
find  plenty  of  grass,  wood,  and  water.  If  the  river  is  fordable 
at  Laramie,  it  is  fordable  at  those  three  places,  and  you  can  go 
that  route  safely. 

Note  iv.  The  best  place  to  ford  will  probably  be  a  little 
below  the  bend  in  the  river.  After  this  you  have  fifty  miles 
to  travel,  which  is  dangerous  to  teams,  on  account  of  Alkali 
springs.  Great  care  should  be  taken  to  avoid  them,  by  select- 
ing a  camping  place  where  none  of  these  springs  are  near. 

Note  v.  In  low  water  the  river  is  easily  forded  opposite  to 
the  Rock  Independence ;  but,  if  not  fordable  here,  a  good  place 
can  be  Ibund  a  mile  higher  up  the  river. 

Independence  Rock  is  one  of  the  curiosities  to  be  seen  on 
the  road,  mostly  on  account  of  its  peculiar  shape  and  magni- 
tude. Thcre^are  many  names  of  visitors  painted  in  various 
places,  on  the  south-east  corner.  At  this  corner  most  travelers 
appear  to  have  gone  up  to  view  the  top ;  but  there  is  a  much 
better  place  on  the  north  side,  about  half  way  from  end  to  end. 
Latitude  1^_  miles  below  4T  30'  10". 

The  road  along  the  Sweet  Water  is  mostly  sandy  and  heavy 
traveling.  You  will  find  many  steep  places,  and  as  you  ap- 
proach the  Rocky  Mountains,  you  will  find  some  high  hills  lo 
travel  over. 

After  crossing  the  mountains  the  country  is  level,  but  still 
barren,  and,  if  possible,  more  sandy.  You  will  have  to  make 
some  long  drives  to  obtain  water  for  camping.  There  is  great 
lack  of  timber,  from  ihe  Upper  Platte  ferry  to  Fort  Bridger, 


24 

and  in  fact  scarcely  any  kind  but  willows.     In  all  this  region 
the  willows  and  wild  sage  form  your  chief  ingredient  for  luel. 

Note  vi.  It  is  supposed  that  a  good  road  can  be  made  here, 
by  following  the  banks  of  the  river.  If  so,  these  high  bluflj, 
and  much  sandy  road,  would  be  avoided. 

Note  vn.  At  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  on  the  south  side 
the  road,  and  at  the  edge  of  the  creek,  there  is  a  stroiTtj  sulphur 
spring.  A  little  above  the  spring,  on  the  side  of  tlie  moun- 
tain, IS  a  bed  of  stone  coal.  At  the  foot  of  the  bluff,  west  of 
where  you  cross  the  crctk,  is  a  noble  spring  of  pure,  cold 
water  ;  and  about  a  mile  from  this  place,  in  a  south-west 
course,  is  a  "  Tar,"  or  "  Oil  Spring,"  covering  a  surface  of 
several  rods  of  ground.  There  is  a  wagon  trail  runs  within  a 
short  distance  ol'  it.  It  is  situated  in  a  small  Ijollow,  on  the 
left  of  the  wagon  tr.iil,  at  a  point  where  the  trail  rises  ajiighcr 
bench  of  land. 

^Vhen  the  oil  can  be  obtained  free  from  sand,  it  is  useful  to 
oil  wagons.  It  gives  a  nice  polish  to  gun-stocks,  and  has  been 
proved  to  be  highly  beneticial  when  applied  to  sores  on  horses, 
cattle,  &c. 

Note  viii.  From  the  summit  of  this  ridge,  you  will  see 
to  the  west,  a  ridge  of  high,  rough,  peaked  rocks.  The  road 
runs  at  the  south  foot  of  that  ridge,  and  there  crosses  Yellow 
creek.  From  the  place  wliere  you  now  stand,  the  road  runs 
through  a  beautiful  narrow  valley,  surrounded  by  gently  rolling 
hills,  and  is  pretty  straight  and  pleasant  traveling,  till  you  ar- 
rive at  that  ridge  of  rocks.  There  is  little  difficulty  in  finding 
a  good  camping  place,  between  here  and  the  ridge  in  view,  ex- 
cept for  fuel,  which  is  scarce.  There  are  several  springs  of 
good  water  along  the  creek. 

Note  ix.  On  this  creek  is  a  very  rough  piece  of  road ; 
the  bushes  are  high,  and  road  narrow,  in  consequence  of  which 
wagon  coVers  are  liable  to  be  torn,  and  bows  broke.  There 
are  many  short  turns  in  it,  where  wagon  tongues  are  liable  to 
be  broke.  Some  of  the  crossing  places  are  bad.  There  is  a 
good  camping  place  where  first  you  strike  the  creek — one 
about  half  way  up,  and  one  a  quarter  of  a  mile  before  you  leave 
the  creek. 

The  ascent  up  the  next  mountain  is  both  lengthy  and  tedi- 
ous, mostly  through  high  timber,  and  there  are  many  stumps 
in  the  road.  It  is  a  chance  whether  you  will  find  any  water 
till  you  descend  on  the  west  side. 

From  this  creek  to  the  valley  is  decidedly  the  worst  piece 
of  road  on  the  whole  journey,  but  the  distance  is  short,  and  by 
using  care  and  patience,  it  is  easily  accomplished. 


This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last 
date  stamped  below. 


^MN  81  1964 


&     OCT  29  1976 


NONRENEWABLE 

JUL  i  ^  1991 
DOE  2  WKS  FROM  DATE  RECEIVED 

i 

10M-1 1-50(2555) 470         I  MfilN^T<dl  llffM  •  ZO 


UCLA  UBRARX 


A 


3  1158  01234  5277 


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